getchar(), putchar(), scanf(), printf()

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char ch;
printf(“Enter a character: “);
ch = getchar(); // Reads a single character
printf(“You entered: “);
putchar(ch); // Prints the character
return 0;
}

Input:

A

Output:

Enter a character: You entered: A

2. putchar()

Description:

• Writes a single character to the standard output (console).
• Useful for printing characters one at a time.

Syntax:

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char ch = ‘H’;
putchar(ch); // Prints the character ‘H’
putchar(‘\n’); // Prints a newline character
return 0;
}

Output:

H

Description:

• Reads formatted input from the standard input (keyboard).
• Requires a format specifier to indicate the type of input.

Syntax:

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num;
printf(“Enter a number: “);
scanf(“%d”, &num); // Reads an integer
printf(“You entered: %d\n”, num);
return 0;
}

Input:

25

Output:

Enter a number: You entered: 25

Description:

• Writes formatted output to the standard output (console).
• Requires a format specifier to control the output.

Syntax:

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 10;
printf(“The value of num is: %d\n”, num); // Prints an integer
return 0;
}

Output:

The value of num is: 10

Combined Example Program:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char ch;
int num;

// getchar() and putchar()
printf(“Enter a character: “);
ch = getchar();
printf(“You entered: “);
putchar(ch);
printf(“\n”);

// scanf() and printf()
printf(“Enter a number: “);
scanf(“%d”, &num);
printf(“You entered: %d\n”, num);

return 0;
}

Input:

A
45

Output:

Enter a character: You entered: A
Enter a number: You entered: 45